A REVIEW ON USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY FOR MAPPING AND MODELLING URBAN FLOODS

Abstract

Urban flooding is an old phenomenon with new dimensions such as rapid urban sprawls, deforestation, and diversion of natural streams of rivers and canals. Analysts have developed flood models to identify risk prone areas to better predict and manage urban floods. The two most important models to predict urban flooding is spatially distributed models and spatially lumped models. GIS data is used in these hydrological modelling to develop scenarios and conduct physical experiments. One of the most important tool in flood management is remote sensing that allows the analysts to efficiently manage torrential rainwater and ensure that water does not cause urban flooding by storing the water in dams, and for gardening. Some of the major indices that can assist in analyzing climate conditions include Normalized Difference of Water Index (NDWI), the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Digital elevation model are best suited to map the topography and enable the researchers and policymakers to develop robust disaster management plans in the event of urban flooding. In these models, the analysts use GIS-based conversion of rainfall to runoffs which help in mitigating the negative impact of urban flooding. This review article has discussed different aspects of urban flooding and various GIS-based models that can facilitate in managing urban floods.

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:Urban flooding, GIS-based models, flood modelling

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