REVIEW OF PHASE INTERFERENCE IN MULTIPHASE FLOW FOR ENHANCING OIL RECOVERY

Salim Raza, Saira Sherin, Zahid Ur Rehman, Sajjad Hussain

Abstract

Study of multiphase flow is important in many natural and engineering systems such as the atmosphere, food, process, pipelines, cooling, petrochemical, and petroleum industries etc. In the petroleum industry, multiphase flow occurs both in recovery as well as at production stages. Its significance further increases in the secondary and tertiary recovery stages. The reservoir properties (fractures, heterogeneity in permeability, depth, porosity, saturation etc.) and the fluid characteristics (viscosity, density, and water fingering) mainly affect the efficiency of the water flooding for enhancing oil recovery. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of different phases flowing through the rocks/reservoirs, is essential for oil recovery from the unexploited and unconventional reservoirs, which are enormous in quantity. In the research documented here, comprehensive research review is carried out to analyse the use of different fluids when passing through different mediums. Gas (nitrogen and carbon dioxide) flooding is mostly used in the reservoirs with gas caps and in gravity drainage recovery processes, where it is needed to maintain the pressure of the reservoirs for efficient oil recovery, but inclination, permeability and depth of the reservoir adversely affect the efficiency of gas flooding. In the case of water if used for displacing oil from fractured media, researchers concluded that the fracture size, orientation, flow rates and fluid properties are responsible for displacing oil from the fractures. It is reported that oil recovery by water flooding is not as efficient as it is obtained by using surfactant, polymer and especially nanofluids. Studies show that surfactants reduce interfacial tension between oil and water, polymer increases viscosity of the displacing phase whereas the nanoparticles reduce interfacial tension as well as increase viscosity of displacing phase if proper quantity of the particles are mixed in the displacing phase. Experiments show that the recovery oil from fractured media, can be increased by more than 90% if nanofluids are used as a displacing phase.

Keywords:

:Multiphase flow; fracture; surfactant; polymer; flow regimes


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